It is very important for beginners to know these terms when working with fibre optic cables. Friends who are already working in fibre optic cable will be well familiar with all these terms. This article covers most of the commonly used terms and their definitions in the fibre optic cable field.
A fibre optic is a thin strand of highly transparent glass or plastic that guides light. It is used as a medium to carry information in the form of light from one point to another. Due to this Fibre Optic Cable, today communication has become so simple and fast all over the world.
Terms used in Fibre Optic Cable
It is very important for those working in the field related to fibre optic cables to be thoroughly familiar with all the terms given below. These are important and necessary conditions without which working in fibre optic cable is exactly like a person running without legs. Now I am going to discuss those important and necessary terms below:
Patch panels
Patch panels provides a centralised location for patching or provide connectivity of fibres, testing points, monitoring and restoring of Fibre optics cables.
Connector
Connectors are a non-permanent device which provide connectivity between two fibres or fibres to equipment where they are expected to be disconnected occasionally for testing or rerouting. It also provides protection to both fibres.
Ferrule
It is a tube like structure which is connected to the connector, it holds a fibre for alignment, we can say that it is usually part of a connector.
SC connector
SC Stands for Single Coupling. It is a Square shaped snap-in connector that latches with a simple push-pull. The SC connector has the advantage (over ST) of being duplexed into a single connector clip with both transmit/receive fibres.
ST Connector
ST Stands for Straight Tip. The ST connector is spring-loaded bayonet mount and have a long cylindrical ferrule to hold the fibre.
LC Connector
LC stands for Latched Connector and it’s interconnect is based upon the RJ-45 telephone interface. The LC Connector uses Zirconium ceramic ferrules in a free-floating and pull proof design.
MU Connector
The MU stands for Miniature Unit fibre-optic connector, which features compact size, high packaging density, and high performance and a simple push-pull design. The MU connector ferrules are half the size of the standard FC, SC connectors and are excellent for high-density installations.
Short form Terms Full forms
PC Connector Physical Contact Connector
FPC Connector Flat Physical Contact Connector
APC Connector Angled Physical Contact Connector
SPC Connector Super Physical Contact Connector
UPC Connector Ultra Physical Contact Connector
Splice enclosures
The point where one fibre optic cable drum ends and a second fibre optic cable drum is used to continue a long distance network, where the cables are joined, sealed and buried in the ground Is or is kept in an underground chamber or hung from a pole. That is called the Splice enclosures.
Splice panels
In Splice panels individual fibres from cables are connected to pigtails. From this point, further extension and diversion of fibre optic becomes easy.
Mechanical Splice
A splice where the fibres are aligned by mechanical or in other word we can say that splicing of fibre optic without splicing machine.
Fusion Splice
An instrument that splices fibres by fusing them, typically by electrical arc. A splice is done by fusing two fibres together.
Optical Power Meter
This instrument used to measures the optical power from the end of a fibre.
Laser Source
An instrument that uses a laser or LED to send an optical signal into fibre for testing loss of the fibre.
Optical Loss Test Set (OLTS)
A measurement instrument for optical loss that includes both a power meter and laser source.
Reference Test Cables
A Short and single fibre cable with connectors on both ends, used to test unknown fibre optic cables.
Mating Adapter
Also called couplers, allow two cables with connectors to mate.
Optical Microscope
Often used to inspect the end surface of a connector for dirt.
Attenuation
The reduction or losses in optical power as it passes along a fibre optic cable, usually expressed in decibels (dB).Bandwidth
The range of signal frequencies or bit rate within which a fibre optic link or network will operate.
Chromatic Dispersion
A property of optical fibre due to which different wavelengths travel at different speeds and arrive at different times, resulting in spreading of a pulse in an optical wave guide.
Decibels (dB)
A unit of measurement for optical power, which indicates relative power. Meaning of -10 dB reduction in optical power is by 10 times.
dBm - dB milliWatt
It represent the signal strength. 0 dBm is 1 mW of power into a power meter. Optical power referenced to 1 milliwatt
Nanometer (nm)
A unit of measure used to measure the wavelength of light (meaning one-billionth of a meter).
Optical Loss
The amount of optical power lost during transmission of through fibre, splices, couplers, etc. expressed in dB.
Optical Power
It is measured in dBm or decibels referenced to one milliwatt of power. While loss of optical power is a relative reading, optical power is an absolute measurement, referenced to standards. Absolute power is measured to test transmitters or receivers and relative power to test loss.
Back Reflection
Light reflected from the cleaved or polished end of a fibre caused by the difference of refractive indices of air and glass.
Power Budget
It is the total amount of power lost in the optical link. It is calculated as per length of link. It is often used in terms of the maximum amount of optical loss that can be tolerated by a given link.
Polarization Mode Dispersion
The spreading of a pulse in an optical wave guide by virtue of different light paths lengths is called Modal dispersion.
Refractive Index
A measure of the speed of light in a material, a property of optical materials that relates to the velocity of light in the material.
Scattering
The change of direction of light after striking small particles that causes loss in optical fibres and is used to make measurements by an OTDR.
Wavelength
A term for the colour of light, usually expressed in nanometres (nm) or microns (m). Fibre Optic is generally used in the infrared region where light is invisible to the human eye.
Units, Power Prefixes
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Conclusion
Friends, I hope that you all liked this article Terms used in Fibre Optic Cable. Apart from this, with the help of the link given above, you can get information as per your need. If you liked the article then share it with others also.
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