What is the Internet of Things IoT?

What is the Internet of Things IoT? : You must have often heard or read about Internet of Things or IoT but you would often ignore it, now you have to know about IoT because it is a very useful thing and now our life is going to depend on it. Internet of Things is going to make our life so easy that we cannot even imagine.

The Internet of Things, if said in simple words, is such a concept with the help of which all our work will go in automatic mode. Even our fridge will automatically place the order for the vegetable by checking the availability of the vegetable. The topic of this article is Internet of Things (IoT), about which complete information will be given as well as how Internet of Things (IoT) is going to make our life even easier.

What is Internet of Things IoT?

Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept where things can be connected with each other or communicate with other devices. Internet of Things has become a popular term nowadays. And a lot is being built around it. That's why the question comes in everyone's mind that what is this Internet of Things?

Whenever we have to search something, first of all we search in Google, so according to Google, IoT means - Interaction via the Internet with computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to receive and send the data.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a computing concept that extends Internet connectivity to physical devices and everyday objects. Internet of Things is the concept of connecting any device (as long as there is an on/off switch for the devices connected to the internet). IoT is a vast network of connected things and people – all of which collect data and describe the way they work and share data about the surrounding environment.

In very simple language it can also be said that connecting physical objects, places and humans on a network is called Internet of Things. where they communicate with each other. sends data. Receives it, processes it and performs an action.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a network connecting physical objects, places and humans. where they communicate with each other. sends data. Receives it, processes it and performs an action.

Physical goods include (but are not limited to) computers, laptops, smartphones, fridges, microwave ovens, televisions, washing machines, cars, bikes and wearables. Places means your home, room, kitchen, office, park, library etc and also human beings.

How all connected objects communicate with each other?

All these objects communicate with each other in three ways:

Human to Human – When humans communicate with each other on the IoT system, it is called human to human communication. Which is abbreviated as H2H.

Human to Machine - When on the IoT system, objects and machines  communicate with humans, this situation is called H2M.

Machine to Machine – The maximum success of IoT system is being determined by this communication. Because in this model the connected machines of an IoT system communicate among themselves and also take action based on the data received from each other.

To get proper information about IoT, it is also necessary for all of you to be aware of the following topics:

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Who Invent the term Internet of Things - IoT?

A scientist named Kevin Ashton first named this concept 'Internet of Things' in 1999. At that time he used to work in P&G which later became MIT's Auto-ID Center.

It was a new term at the time, but its operations were not new. The technologies used in their operation such as mass computing, ubicomp, and ambient intelligence were all already known about.

History of Internet of Things (IoT)

First time in 1982 preparing a smart network by connecting smart devices was started at Carnegie Mellon University. A coke vending machine was built in this university which could tell about the bottles placed inside the machine whether it was cold or not and was also able to give stock information.

As I mentioned above, the origin of the term Internet of Things is the Honorable Kevin Ashton who worked at P&G (later worked at MIT's Auto-ID Center). He actually used the term Internet for Things in 1999. The Internet of Things was created from this word. For this task, he recommended RFID - a radio-frequency identification technology that could give computers the ability to manage a variety of devices.

After this, till today this smart network technology is going through the development phase and it is going to expand on a very wide scale in the future. Because the Internet of Things is the technology of the future. Including the human ability to make the film world a science fiction reality.

Why needed Internet of Things ( IoT)?

This is a very important question that why did we need Internet of Things (IoT)? Why should we use it? Is IoT the only one we have that always takes care of every moment? takes care of our wishes? takes care of our needs? The answer to all these questions is yes, IoT is such thing that always tells us to be alert and also takes care of us in every way. But how? Read ahead-

➤ IoT Provides the best possible feedback for our physical and mental health.

➤ IoT provides the best possible resource allocation in real time monitoring.

➤ It facilitates the best possible decision making in the mobility pattern.

➤ In addition, it provides the best possible connections to local providers who have global capability.

In which network IoT devices can connect?

What we can say functionally that the network in which the Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be connected very easily is the network-

➤ LAN (local area network): The smart home is connected.

➤ WAN (wide area network): connected car, and bike etc.

➤ BAN (body area network): connected wearables.

➤ VWAN (very wide area network): connected smart city.

The data can be handled by the network system given above. That's why Google is offering a Glass and Lens that syncs your health data with the NEST and Google Cars that tracks your location across the city. Behind all this idea is that you never leave the Google Cloud and its services. Your products are gateways to network.

How IoT System Works?

An IoT system is made up of smart devices. Which use built-in embedded processors, sensors,  and communication technology to collect, send and receive data. This device receives all the data from its surrounding environment and transmits it to the respective IoT gateway. Where the data is analyzed and which data to keep and which data to leave safely, the decision is also made on the data server. Then, based on the information obtained from this analysis, any patterns are detected, recommendations are made, and potential problems are detected.

like this way all types of work is done on the lines of computer system or as a computer system. data is taken. It is processed and then a decision is taken based on that data. But here comes the analysis of Big Data. Because the data is received continuously. Therefore, there is a wide range of data access. Which is also called data mining.

Use of IoT in common life

The technology by which a person's life improves, that technique is considered successful. So the Internet of Things (IoT) is also yet to go through this test, the test is going on. Under which Internet of Things (IoT) technology is being used on a large scale from homes to factories, technology companies, agencies, governments etc.

Mainly Internet of Things (IoT) technology is being used in the following areas-

1. Agriculture

2. Manufacturing

3. Medical and Healthcare

4. Transportation

5. Automotive

6. Consumer Applications

1. Use of IoT in Agriculture

There are many types of data that can be collected in the agriculture sector. For example, temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, soil quality, effect of pesticides etc. By analyzing this data, the quality of cultivation can be enhanced and pitfalls can be avoided in future decision making.

We can use the findings from data analysis to get accurate information about the time required to automate agricultural techniques, crop management, pesticide, irrigation etc. Many such experiments are being done and successful experiments have been done on other occupations related to agriculture like fisheries, poultry, dairy etc.

2. Use of IoT in Manufacturing

This technology has been named Industrial IoT (IIoT). Internet of Things technology and machine-to-machine communication are being used to drive product demand, facilities, energy management, plant safety, employee health, automation of construction work, etc.

It uses technologies like industrial big data analytics and cyber physical systems to make accurate decisions and predictions.

3. Use of IoT in Medical and Healthcare

The Internet of Medical Things is also known as the Internet of Health Things. It is a system that emphasizes on connecting healthcare devices and humans to the IoT system. Through this system smart operation theatres, smart beds (which collect information about patient's rise and pressure etc.), smart testing equipment which are capable of self-testing and giving appropriate instructions. IoT technology are being developed rapidly and the entire medical field is being transformed into a digitized healthcare system.

Smart wearable health devices can count your steps, track your heart rate, check your blood pressure, and generate a daily health report based on all of this data and any other information that may emerge in the future. Can also detect the specific pattern and hand it to you. Can detect disease or symptoms.

Your health history will be kept safe with the doctor, you will go and as soon as you enter some information, all your health reports will be in front of the doctor's eyes. This way your investigation will be done in the right way and in the right direction.

Patients can be monitored from the hospital or home and can also give necessary directions to them. Also, the Internet of Health Things can prove to be better in strengthening the disease control and prevention system.

4. Use of IoT in Transportation

With the help of IoT technology, there is a potential to bring a new revolution in the transportation sector. With machine learning technology, it is possible to develop a fully automated transportation system by which the transportation system of a city can be automated. Traffic lights, speed, speed, tracking of vehicles etc are possible at zebra crossing.

Vehicle control etc. is possible through the Internet of Things. The position of a cargo truck can be easily tracked with Global Positioning System (GPS) to find out its current position (delay, theft etc.). And he can also be given necessary instructions via wireless.

Similarly, speed limits and necessary safety tips can be given at intersections, at zebra crossings, on curves, on bridges and gorges, and traffic conditions ahead. If a driver exceeds the speed limit, it is also possible to detect it immediately.

5. Use of IoT in Automotive

Google has demonstrated this technology by making a smart car. Google's driverless car can reach its destination safely by following all traffic rules. Many companies are investing in this area and focusing on making smart vehicles.

The day is not far when your car will start following as per your instructions and you just sit inside and your car auto drive your way, the car will take you to the office. This technology can be of great help in the public transport system. Also, the data obtained for the vehicle manufacturers will also play an important role in product improvement.

6. Use of IoT in Consumer Applications

This area includes the manufacturing of smart goods that we use every day. This technology called Internet of Wearable Things (IoWT). Which is being used to make smart home.

A smart home can turn on the light, fan/AC, music and close the door as soon as you enter, and order the kitchen to make tea for you. If you are leaving the house, this may include turning off the lights, turning off other electronic devices, and safely locking the entire house by closing the doors properly.

Smart home technology is being used with the aim of controlling homes remotely and saving energy. With Apple's HomeKit, the entire home can be controlled via an iPhone app or Siri (Apple's voice assistant).

Amazon's Echo, Google Home, Apple's HomePod, Samsung's SmartThings Hub are commendable devices in this direction. Its use and production has started. Apart from smart home, other useful electronic devices like freeze, washing machine, oven, geyser etc. can also be controlled.

Enterprise IoT is also emerging in this area. It is a field that deals with manufacturing of equipment used by businesses and corporates.

Industrially Benefits of IoT

There are many benefits of IoT industrially which are being discussed below-

Unprecedented Connectivity: With the data and insights of IoT, industries can discover what kind of devices and services their consumers need so that they can deliver even better innovative new products, with You can compete with your competitors. With the help of IoT industries will be able to provide better services.

Increased Efficiency: As we know IoT networks are very smart and intelligent which provide real-time data to arm employees which also contains such information so as to optimize day-to-day efficiency and productivity.

Cost savings: IoT devices provide very accurate data and also provide organisations with automated workflows so that they can reduce their operating costs and errors.

Time Saving: By connecting smart devices, they help various organisations to enhance systems and processes, thereby saving them a lot of time.

Main Opportunities and Benefits of IoT

IoT provides us opportunities to do our work more efficiently so that we can save our time, and with it money. At the same time, with this our work gets completed very easily..

The Internet of Things helps us solve our daily issues – like finding a parking space for our car in a busy area, hooking up our home entertainment system and checking with a fridge webcam to see if we need more milk.

Internet of Things technology is benefitting the common people as well as businesses and companies. The amount of ROI on investment made on this technology is high. Because of this many companies are investing a lot in this sector. The advantages of IoT are being told below.

Helping to automate tasks. Due to this, the labor involved in many small tasks is also saved, as well as time is not wasted.

The entire process of business operations can be monitored and progress can be monitored.

Helping to improve the customer experience. Thereby increasing the sales of the business and strengthening the customer-business relationship. Which proves beneficial only for the growth of the overall business.

The analysis of the Internet of Things is helping to develop new ways of getting employees to work to increase employee productivity.

Making the right decisions for the future is becoming easier than ever.

With this new technology, customers and the public are reducing their dependence on human operated animals for many tasks.

Due to IoT living stander of the people is improving. Because now due to time and data analysis people are being able to take accurate and timely decisions.

Correct assessment of the situation is being done by taking information from any equipment and place.

But apart from the above advantages, some unknown and new threats are also emerging from the Internet of Things.

Drawbacks of IoT

There are many advantages of IoT, so there are some drawbacks along with it which are given below.

➤There will always be data theft and privacy threats.

➤Anxiety about people losing jobs to automation which can lead to depression and drug abuse.

➤Unemployment will increase a lot and people will become lazy.

➤More likely to increase cyber threats.

Main Threats and Challenges of IoT

It is clearly visible to us also that technology is progressing very quickly. In such a situation, if it is not properly resolved, then there can be many problems in the future.

More than 7.4 billion devices are still unsecured and manufacturers will have to secure it before 2021. From this the seriousness of the matter can be gauged.

IoT botnets was designed to manage networks. But they were not updated over time, due to which many big websites and services went offline in 2016. Due to problem in IoT system people had to face many problems.

Everything connected to the Internet can be hacked, so IoT is also involved. You must have seen in movies where hackers hack many sites online and its also happens in real life.

If everything is linked online there are likely to be many privacy issues. In the future, intelligence services may use this Internet of Things for identification, surveillance, surveillance, location tracking and recruitment targeting, and also to gain access to the network.

Which devices can be part of IoT?

The very simple answer is that whatever can be connected that can be connect. Any device, if it has an on and off switch, there are chances that they can become part of IoT. It is generally seen that the connected device usually has an I.P address.

Due to the presence of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), it is very easy to assign IP addresses to many devices. Because with its help, it can be connected to countless devices.

The things that you can connect to the internet are- Wearable – Smartwatches, Smart glasses, fitness bands, Home alliances, vehicle, smart meters, water, gas, electricity etc. All these devices can be easily connected to the IoT system with the network.

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Last Word

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