Race of Superpower : Superpower means more powerful, many countries of the world are trying to prove themselves as superpower, is America no longer the superpower that other countries are imagining it? Will the decision of superpower be based on which country is investing more or which is growing faster? There are certain parameters to become a superpower – who has more entrepreneurship and foresight and who is developing in the face of competitive conditions. But even this parameter alone is not enough.
At present, America is the largest economy in the world. It is estimated that when China completes 100 years of independence, then it will have become the world's largest economy. And China will be able to declare itself as a superpower. On the other hand, there is also a truth that China has become the richest country in the world, leaving America behind, which is considered to be the world's superpower. The question is still the same that after all, who should be considered a superpower?
Who is the superpower?
According to a report by the Research Branch of Management Consultant McKinsey & Company, the world's wealth has increased 3 times in the last 20 years. Total wealth of the world was $ 156 trillion in the year 2000, which increased to $ 514 trillion after the year 2020. China is emerging rapidly to became a new superpower and try to replace the US in the global power structure. But despite all this, there is a question in everyone's mind that why China could not become the world's superpower even after becoming the richest country?
No country can be called a superpower like this, it has some parameters, here I tell about some parameters. This is the ability that makes a country a super power, which is currently only in the United States of America-
1. Superior Economy : The first and most important capability of any country to become a superpower is its superior economy. The economy of the country should be strong, the per capital income of the people should be strong. There should be no corruption in the country, people's living standard should be high and there should be mega project.
2. Superior Technology : Nowadays technology should be hi-tech as technology has become the mainstay of business. A country which depends on its technology capability can do anything.
3. Superior Diplomacy : When a country has a superior economy and superior technology, then there is a company in every sector. The companies of that country sell their products in foreign countries, to sell their products in other countries, they can connect good relationship with other countries.
4. Superior Military : When a country starts competing with other countries, some countries start making trouble, so it is necessary to have a superior military to deal with such countries.
5. Cultural Superiority : The country that keeps people together, makes people honorable, it is necessary to preserve the value culture of the country.
China will overtake the US as the world's largest economy by 2028 There is no doubt that China has already become a global superpower economically. Most probably China will overtake the US as the world's largest economy by 2028-2029. China is quickly growing better economic and also military power than America, but China is still behind America in many respects.
Now the question is, is it possible or can China be as absolute superpower and formidable as America has been for the last eight decades? Geopolitical and Cultural Challenges Like the Soviet Union, China also faces many geopolitical and cultural challenges. It is impossible for China to get respect, regards and recognition like America in the world. It would not be wrong to say that the image of China is like that of an infiltrator.
Even if China economic and military power increases that of America. America will always have political, ideological, technological and cultural superiority over China. Even though China is performing well on the economic front, issues like the political system and violation of human rights values in the country are tarnishing its image.
China's two neighboring countries Russia and India also dream of becoming superpowers, which is a big problem for China. There are also disputes at many places on the borders of both the countries. If we look at the geography of China, then it is not safe from its neighboring countries, nor is the image good with other countries of the world.
America has strong allies but China does not have any strong allies. America has many strong and reliable allies, but China is completely alone in this matter. Therefore, it is absolutely wrong to say that China will gain an edge militarily, economically and politically in the future compared to the combined forces of America and its allies.
China is battling with internal strife, China is having conflict with some states under its own control. Once Hong Kong was under Britain but later it was handed over to China. China have already tried so many times to implement a national security law there, but the Western countries and US opposed it. Local people also often protest against the passing of new laws against China. There is a similar problem with Taiwan as well. China considers Taiwan as its part but the people of Taiwan see it as a separate country.. Due to this the dispute between the two countries has been going on for a long time.
Misconceptions about superpower
There has been a misunderstanding among some emotional people that America is no longer a superpower or that America no longer has the capability of superpower. Experts of the world often believe that when the last American plane flew from the borders of Afghanistan, the air of superpower became out. 20 years of planning, the big talk of the war on terror, the spending of 3 trillion dollars, the confidence to make the world terror free, all ended in one stroke when America decided that now it has to leave Afghanistan.
Experts may not understanding international politics and say that this defeat of America is a sign that it is no longer a superpower. Why did the country with the world's largest nuclear power accept to bow before the terrorists with rocket launchers on their shoulders?
There is no doubt that America is a country of immigrants, besides America has been and will be a global cultural superpower. It is impossible to even think that China will be able to challenge America in this area. Not only does its democracy and independence give America ideological superiority compared to other countries in the world, but its cultural influence through films, media, music and literature has also spread throughout the world.
America is one of the best country of immigrants in the world, people from all over the world adopt America's culture, dress, civilization, that's why it represents and enriches the cultures and ideas of the world. But China has remained a closed country for a long time. While English remains the language of the world, it is almost impossible to imagine that China will be able to take that place.
List of Superpower
Many countries are trying to become the world's superpower, in which the first claim is from China. Some experts have even declared China as a superpower. The parameters of such experts are limited to Corona only, they have started considering it as a superpower to deal with Corona quickly and keep the economy strong during the Corona period.
China has also been at the fore in the countries that were the first to recover from the havoc of Corona. The GDP of all the major economies of the world was in minus last year, even then China's growth was positive. In 2020-21, the growth rate of Britain, America, Russia, Japan all also remained in minus. But among the world's largest economies, China was the only country whose growth rate was positive. Last year, China's growth rate increased to 2.27 percent. This once again proved how strong the pillars of the Chinese economy are. So is this logic enough to become a superpower??
Similarly, the names of the countries which are in the race for superpower are given below. The countries given below are very strong according to the military force or according to the weapon. America is in the first place and will remain but other countries are in the race for superpower.
1. USA
2. Russia
3. China
4. India
5. France
6. Japan
7. United Kingdom
8. South Korea
9. Turkey
10. Italy
How did America become a superpower?
There is no doubt that today America is the country with the largest economy in the world. America's strong military has the most technology weapons in the world and the most expensive international currency is that of America. But America was not like this from the beginning. There was a time when this country was also living in poverty and slavery. In 1492 America was discovered by Christopher Columbus, but in fact America became a superpower after the war between America and Spain in 1898.
After the discovery of America, there was a competition in European countries to capture it here. In the end, England made America its slave. England exploited America badly. America got independence from England after about 250 years. When George Washington became the first President of America on July 4, 1776. From here America started making itself a superpower. The United States continued to expand its borders until the end of the 19th century.
America fought many wars for border expansion. Cuba was at war with Spain in 1898, in which America won. After this victory, Spain handed over Puerto Rico to America and a Deep Philippines of the Pacific Ocean. Since then America came to be called a superpower country. America also played an important role in World War I and World War II.
Britain, France, Russia and Germany suffered heavy losses in World War II. But America did not suffer that much. Germany was badly defeated in the war, after which it handed over all its technology and space programs to America. America made good use of space technology. By reaching the moon first, America proved that it is actually a superpower. After World War II was established The United Nations. America also played an important role in the formation of the Security Council here.
China in the race for superpower
It is also true that often countries have started believing that China is on the way to become the biggest power in the world. The biggest reason for this power is its growing economy. After all, how did China's economy become so strong? What is the reason that has put China in the world's superpower list in just 40 years?
When the Communist Party came to power in 1949 under the leadership of Mao Zedong, China was a very poor and isolated country. In earlier era the economy of China was based on agriculture. Mao wanted to see China as powerful, wealthy and a great power. He was a staunch opponent of capitalism. It is ironic that today China has become the fastest growing country in the world by following the path of capitalism.
Mao led China for a long time, Mao died in 1976, before that Mao handled China for almost 27 years. He emphasized on the self-reliance of the country. He tried to industrialize China's agro-based economy in the 1950s under the 'Great Leap Forward' campaign, but he could not succeed. Due to his policies, by 1961, there was a state of starvation in China.
In 1978, Deng Xiaoping, the head of the Communist Party of China, came to China with a new thinking. He started the economic revolution in China. It is said about Sha O Ping that he has made China rich. The reforms brought by him were different from those of Mao.
He opened the Chinese market to the whole world. He believed that a socialist system could not be built on the basis of poverty. Deng Xiaoping started rebuilding closed diplomatic relations with the whole world. In 1979, diplomatic relations between the US and China were reestablished.
American companies invested in China seeing the potential of a large market. Companies took advantage of cheap labor and low rents in China. Xiaoping also made major reforms in the field of agriculture. He gave farmers the right to cultivate on their own plots. Due to this, the standard of living of the farmers improved and the shortage of food was removed.
China invested heavily in the manufacturing sector in the 1980s and 1990s. Initially, only low-end products like bulbs, toys, batteries were manufactured in China, but gradually China became the center of manufacturing every small thing. This is the reason why China was also called the factory of the world. He exported these salmon all over the world.
As a result, in 2010, China became the world's largest country in the manufacturing sector, overtaking America. By the time of 2019, China's share in the global manufacturing sector increased to 29 percent, while America's share was 17 percent.
Millions of people got employment in China because of the manufacturing sector. This sector proved to be very important in employing the large population of China. Due to the improvement in agriculture and manufacturing, the income of the people of China also increased. At that time, the per capita annual income in China was $333. But during this period China's per capita income has increased thirty-five times to $ 11,819. It is clear from these figures that China has now gone a long way.
The biggest reason for China's becoming a superpower is its tremendous focus on exports. In the 1980s, China's exports grew at an average of 5.7 percent, in the 1990s the rate of export growth was 12.4 percent, while between 2000 and 2003 this rate reached 20.3 percent. Nowhere in the world has there been such rapid development in the field of exports.
Between 2001 and 2006, rapidly increasing foreign demand created about 70 million jobs in China. These jobs were originally available only to laborers with primary education. Since 2006, domestic demand in China has increased so much that domestic demand has become more important than foreign demand for employment. This gave a new balance to the Chinese economy. But China did not loosen its grip on exports. In terms of global exports, China is today number one in the world with 10 percent share. America is second in the world in terms of exports.
Another major reason for China's progress is urbanization. In the last 40 years, he has rapidly modernized infrastructure, rail, road, housing. Due to rapid urbanization, there are more than 100 cities in China where the population is more than one million. Due to urbanization, the Chinese government has been able to bring a large number of people from rural areas to the cities. By doing this, the standard of living of the people has also increased by increasing the income along with employment.
According to the 2021 Demographic Research Group study, at present there are 108 such cities in China whose estimated population is more than one million i.e. one million. This is the highest in the world. According to the McKinsey Global Institute, the number of such cities in China will double by the year 2025 due to the way China is rapidly urbanizing.
When President Xi Jinping took the throne in China in 2012, he took a pledge to end poverty from the country. At that time, there were 100 million people below the poverty line in China, who mostly lived in rural areas. Jinping made dilapidated houses of 25 million people fit to live in order to get out of poverty and settling and giving houses to 10 million people in a different place. He says that the country cannot progress without taking people out of poverty.
At present, the estimated population of China is 143 million. In 1981, 88 percent of the people in China lived below the poverty line. But according to the claim of the Chinese government, now not a single person is below the poverty line in China.
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Last Word
Dear friends, many countries have been claiming the world superpower and will do it, but for the time being America will remain the superpower. No one is going to stand in front of America's powerful army and technology-equipped weapon. How did you like this article, comment me and if possible, improve my information also.
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